Agro Climatic Zones in Himachal Pradesh

   

•  ZONE 1 ( SHIVALIK HILL ZONE ) :

 - It occupies about 30% of the geographical area  and about 33% of the cultivated area  of the state.

-The altitude of this zone varies from 350-1500m.

-This zone receives 165 mm  of rainfall .

- Soil of this zone are mostly sandy loam in texture with loamy patches.

- Main crops : 

Rice , Wheat , Maize , Jowar, Mango , Litchi , Guava etc.

- Covers the district of Una , Bilaspur, Hamirpur , Kangra ,  Solan , Chamba.

• ZONE 2 ( MID HILL ZONE ) :

- It occupies about 32% of the total geographical area and about 53 % of the cultivated area  of the state.

- This zone extends from an altitude of 800 -1600 m. above sea level , having mid - temperate climate.

- This zone receives 2000mm of rainfall.

- The soil vary from sandy loam to loam in texture.

- Main crops :

Citrus fruits , Tomatoes and vegetables like snowball , cauliflower , root crops.

- Covers the  Palampur in kangra , Rampur in Shimla , Mandi , Solan , Kullu and Chamba.

• ZONE 3 ( HIGH HILL ZONE ) :

- It occupies about 25 % of the total geographical area and about 11% of the cultivated area  of the state.

- It lies from 1801- 2200 m above sea level with humid temperate climate and alpine pastures.

- It receives 400 mm of rainfall.

- The soils are here mostly clayey loam to loam in texture with very acidic reaction. 

- Main Crops : 

Wheat , barley , lesser millets , pseudo - cereals (buckwheat and amaranthus) and maize etc.

- It covers North- western Himalayan  region of the state.

• ZONE 4  (COLD DRY ZONE) :

-  It occupies nearly  6% of the geographical area and 3%of the total  cultivated area  of the state.

- It is  the highest agro- climatic  zone of the state located at a height of 2700 m above sea level.

- It  receives 1030mm of rainfall.

- The soil composition is very loose and is prone to heavy glaciers and avalanches.

- Main Crops :

Quality seed Potato,  vegetables and fruits  like apples, grapes , almonds , walnuts, apricot.

- It covers Kinnaur , Lahaul Spiti , Pangi in chamba district.

• Kangra covers the maximum area under foodgrains ( wheat, maize, paddy ,barley)  in the state followed by Mandi and Hamirpur.

• Mandi covers the maximum area under Pulses followed by Shimla and Sirmaur.

• Kangra covers maximum area under oilseeds followed by Chamba and Una.

•Groundnut , Soyabeen , Sunflower in Kharif and  Rapeseed , Mustard , and Toria are important     oilseed  crops in the Rabi season.

• Urd, Bean , Moong , Rajmash in Kharif season and Gram in Rabi are the important pulse crop of the state. 

•  IADP ( Intensive agricultural development program) was launched in  Mandi (1962 ) and Kangra (1967) in collaboration with west German.

•  SAMETI (State Agricultural Management And Extension Training Institute) is situated at Craignano Mashobra  (15 km from Shimla).

• ATMA  (Agriculture technology management agency)  is a registered society at the  District level.

• Kangra district in H.P gets the highest  rainfall .

• Spiti district in H.P receives lowest rainfall .

• Potato occupies an important place in the economy of H.P . It was introduced as a crash crop on a large scale after the second world war.

High yielding varities which are cultivated at present are Kufri Chandermukhi , Kufri jeevan , Kufri jyoti , Kufri alankar.

• H.P is an important producer of  Ginger .It is raised as crash crop in parts of kullu , Shimla, Sirmaur and kullu.

•  Solan has been declared the Mushroom district of H.P. 

•Kinnaur got a big name in the production of Sugarbeet seed.

• Kuth  plant  was  introduced in Lahual valley in 1925 from Kashmir.  Kuth plant is used as a medicine and in perfumery.

• The Government introduced in 1999-2000, a new scheme titled “National Agricultural Insurance Scheme” (NAIS) or “Rashtriya Krishi Bima Yojana” (RKBY). The scheme is to act as an insurance policy and provide  financial support to farmers in the event of any failure of their notified crops.

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Fairs in Himachal Pradesh

1.  MINJAR  FAIR :

Minjar ( maize flowers) festival is celebrated in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh at a place called ‘Chowgan’ in Chamba town. It is a seasonal fair of Chamba for celebrating the rains and the flowering of maize. This festival is held in the month of July August and it continues for a week , comprises of folk- dances of caddis and music performances  such as 'Kunjari Malhar'.

This fair is sign of the love between the brother and sister. When this fair started than sister puts a red colour thread on the shirt of her brother and prays for his long life. And on the last day of this this is flown in the Ravi River.

2. Baishakhi :

It is celebrated on 13th of April each year celebrated with interests and faith in Tattapani region near Shimla; Rewalsar and Parashar near Mandi with Sacred dips in waters of Sutlej River and other lakes are taken by people. Throughout the day, many fairs, events and contests are held. 

3. NAINA DEVI FAIR :
This fair is held in the month of August, at Naina Devi Temple, in district Bilaspur .

4. KULLU DUSHEHRA :

Kullu Dushehra mirrors Himachal culture in its entirely.. It clearly shows the lefestyle, love of dance and music of the people in this region. To see the colorful Himachal at one place, Kullu Dushehra is the right place. Although Dushehra is celebrated all over the country, but in Kullu, it has its own distinctive glamour. This is a state fair.People from Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh throng to enjoy Kullu Dushehra.

5. CHREWAL :

It is also known as Prithvi pooja in some places. It is celebrated on the Ist of Bhadon - middle of August. This continues for full one month. The farmers do not yoke oxen during this month. In Kullu, this festival is known as Badranjo. In Chamba, it is called Pathroru. It is a festival of flowers here.

6. CHINTPURNI  FAIR :

IIt is held in the village Chintpurni near Bharwain ( a hill station on Hoshiarpur-Kangra road in Una district ).

7.SISSU  FAIR :

Sissu is a common fair celebrated all over the Buddhist Himalayas. The fair is celebrated on different dates at different places. At Sissur Gompa it is held in June, at Gemur Gompa in July and at Mani Gompa of Gondhla in August.

8. DAL FAIR :
It is held on the bank of lake Dal, in the month of August in district Kangra at Dharamshala.

9. NALWARI  FAIR: 

Nalwari is a popular cattle fair celebrated in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is an annual fair that takes place every year in the month of March .The festival was started by W Goldstein. He was the superintendent of Shimla in 1889. It is a colorful festival.

10. LAVI FAIR :

Lavi fair of Rampur is the most ancient fair of the district and state  which was stated in the 16th century between the king of the Bussher and the Tibet.  It is organized annually on the bank of River Satluj . It is held in the month of November  and  continues for the several days. When firstly this fair was started than the king of the busshar and Tibet king exchanged the horses and other weapons. But nowadays when it started than the people of the Rampur sells the dry fruits, woollen clothes , pattis , namdas , colts , pashmina , Chilgozas , horses and mules trade.

11. RENUKA FAIR:  (November)

 The fair is celebrated near Renuka lake in district Sirmaur  in the memory of great lady Renuka who is the mother of Parshu Ram.  It starts ten days after the Diwali festival.

12. TRILOKPUR FAIR : 

 Celebrated in the month of September at village Trilokpur near Nahan town in District Sirmaur.

13. SIPI FAIR : District Shimla at village Kufri  in the month of September.

14. BUFFALO FAIR : 
District Shimla near Mashobra in the month of May.

15. HOLI FAIR :

It is held in the month of March everyear in District  Hamirpur at Sujanpur.Folk-dances, songs, plays, wrestling matches and athletics are some of the attractions of the fair held in the most spacious ground of the State.

16. SHIVRATRI FAIR : 

This fair held in the month of February in Mandi .The State. The seven-day-long Shivratri fair at Mandi is unique in style and known for its colourful atmosphere. Hundreds of gods and goddesses are carried in palanquins by their devo-tees. Singing and dancing, they enter the tastefully decorated city of Mandi on Shivratri. After presenting themselves at the Raj Madhav temple (shrine of the main god of the area), they pay their homage to Lord Shiva at the Bhootnath temple. This marks the start of weeklong festivities which provide a rich feast of fun, fair, music and dance. The conclusion is preceded by Jagran (nightlong pooja) in which the 'guru' and the 'chela' predict the event of the coming year.

17. SUI FAIR :

Celebrated in Chamba  town in the month of April. This fair is exclusively for women. There is a temple of Naina Devi where women gather and worship the Devi. Naina was the queen of Raja Sahil Verman. This temple has been constructed at a place where she had sacrificed herself to bring water to Chamba town.

18. GASOTA FAIR :
This fair is celebrated at a place knwon Ghasota, in district Hamirpur in the month of  May.

19. DHUNGRI FAIR :
District kullu, at Manali in the month of May.

20. BANJAR MELA & BHUIN MELA :
Celebrated in district Kullu , in the month of May and June.

21. MARKANDA FAIR :
It is held in the month of April  at Markanda in district Bilaspur.

22. GUGGA FAIR : 
Celebrated in the month of august & September
in district Bilaspur, Hamirpur  and kangra.

23. SARI FAIR : 
District Solan at town Arki in the month of July.
This fair is famous for Bull fighting.

24. SOLAN FAIR :

Solan fair is held in the last week of June for three days. This fair is celebrated even before the present Solan town was founded in honour of the goddess 'Shulini' whose temple is situated in the nearby village named Solan Gaon. It attracts traders, sweetsellers, general merchants and other shopkeepers to make brisk business.

 25. SAYAR FAIR :

It is a famous fair observed in the month of September at a number of places such as Bakloh in Kangra, Karsog in Mandi, and Subathu in Shimla.

26. PHUL YATRA FAIR :
Phul Yatra fair is held in Pangi at Killar in 'Asoj' every year in district Chamba  in the month of October.

27. THALOG  FAIR  :

This fair is held in the honour of Devta Rahatna whose temples are located at Thalog and Jabna. It is held at the end of Baishkha, in Prgana Jakholi of Chopal. It is 13 km away from Chamba.

28. JATAR ROHRU FAIR :
 In district Shimla at Rohru town in the month of April.

29. RAMPURI JATAR FAIR :
 In district Shimla at village Rampuri near Jubbal town in the month of July.

30. TARA DEVI FAIR :

Durga Devi's temple of Taradevi is located on the ridge of mountain about 8 km. away from Shimla town. The fair is held here on Ashtami in Navratras - September or October. This is called Durga Ashtami.

31. BHARMAUR JATRA :
It is held in district Chamba in the month of August.

32. CHHITRARI JATRA :
 It is held in district Chamba in the month of September.

( The famous festival of the Himachal Pradesh which was declared as International festivalare Minjar festival, Lavi fair, Renuka Fair, Dussehra Festival and Shivratri Festival )

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Himchal GK Current Affairs

• India china to have joint military excercise to be held at umroi near shillong meghayla
• International police expo 2019 held in new Delhi
• Indian Army Successfully conducts summer user trails of Nag Missile
• Telangana to be the first state to deliver medicine to through drone.
• IFS officer Vivek Kumar appointed private secretary to PM modi
• Israel inks $50m deal with India to supply MRSAM to Navy(MRSAM : Mediun Range surface to air missile)
• Deeksharambh: Guide to Student Induction Programme released by HRD Ministry
• Health Ministry launches Jan Jagrukta Abhiyaan in New Delhi
• Incredible India Campaign Wins Pata Gold Award 2019(PATA : Pacific Asia travel association)
• 21st Commonwealth Table Tennis Championship begins in Cuttack

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List of Famous Himachal Pradesh Festivals

Festival of Himachal Pradesh

1. LOHRI - January

2. SHIVRATRI - February

3. CHET (DHOLRU) - February and March

4. NAVRATRAS  -  (March & April)  and (Oct  & Nov)

5. BAISHAKHI -  (April)
It is known as Bisowa in Kangra, Bissue in Shimla hills and Lisshoo in Pangi-Chamba.

6. RAKHI - August

7. SAIR - September
It is celebrated  in new Himachal. This is a Bara-Din (Big day) of the hillmen.

8. DUSHEHRA - Oct & Nov

9. DIWALI - Oct & Nov

10. PHULECH -
Phulech means "festival of flowers ",  Celebrated  in the month of  (Aug &Sep)  only in kinnaur region.

11. CHREWAL - August

It is also known as Prithvi pooja in some places.  The farmers do not yoke oxen during this month. In Kullu, this festival is known as Badranjo. In Chamba, it is called Pathroru. It is a festival of flowers here. This is an occasion of great celebration, particularly for girls who dance on this day.

12. JAGRA - September
Mahasu Devta (deity) is worshipped in upper Shimla hills, Kinnaur and Sirmaur regions of the state.

13. HARYALI - It is  known as Shegtsum in Lahaul, Dhakhrain in Jubbal as well as Kinnaur. This Festival is celebrated on the Ist Sawan – 16th July.

14. LOSAR -  The New Year celebration of Tibetans (February).

15. ICE SKATING CARNIVAL - Dec & Feb ( Shimla)

16. LADARCHA  Festival - (3rd week of August)
 celebrated by kaza and spiti.

17. SAZO -   (January) ,Most awaited festival of Himachal Pradesh, Sazo is celebrated to bid adieu to the village deities in kinnaur.

18. HALDA Festival - (January) by Lahaul district  to introduce new year.

19. JIDJED-  It is a religious festival, takes place in the month of October at 'Thang-gyud Monastery' .

20. GOCHI -
 It is a festival organised in Gumrang Kothi in Keylong and adjoining areas, falling sometime in January or February. Date for the celebrations is decided by the Lamas on the basis of their astrological calculations.

21. NAWALA -
Gaddis of Kangra, Chamba, Mandi and Kullu celebrate this festival, when a household individually collects enough money for celebration. Nawala, in fact, is a thanks giving ceremony to Lord Shiva, who is worshipped at the time of misfortune and clamiti.

22. INTERNATIONAL HIMALYAN FESTIVAL -
The international Himalayan festival is celebrated in the Kangra district (McLeodganj) in December.

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Important GK Questions -Series 1

Q1. A book "Indian Paintings in the punjab hills" was published by

1. Raja Goverdhan Chand
2. Dhani Ram
3. W.G. Archer - ans
4. Norah Richards

Q2.  "Norah's  Centre of the Arts"was designed by

1. Amba
2. Norah Richards
3. K.T Ravendran - ans
4. Sardar Gurcharan Singh

Q3. Who was responsible for introducing "Studio   Art Pottery" into India ?

1. Sobha singh
2. Prithviraj kapoor
3. Norah Richards
4. Sardar Gurcharan Singh- ans

Q4. who was called the Lady Gregory of the Punjab ?

1. Sobha  Singh
2. Norah Richards- ans
3. Sanyal
4. Kavipriya

Q5. Who was honoured with Padma Shri  award ?

1. B.C Sanyal
2. Sobha Singh  and Sardar Gurcharan Singh - ans
3. Jaidayal
4.  Sardar Gurcharan singh

Q6. Who  was awarded with Padma Bhushan in1984?

1. Sobha singh
2. B.C Sanyal - ans
3.  K.T Ravendran
4. Sardar S.S Boparai

Q7. Who held a show of kangra paintings in the Museum Rietberg in Switzerland ?

1. K.T Ravendran
2. Norah Richards
3. B.C Sanyal
4. Dr. Eberhard Fischer - ans

Q8. Every year on ____, students from Punjabi University perform plays to celebrate  Norah Richards birthday.

1. 21 October
2.  25 October
3.  29 October - ans
4.  19 October

Q9: Where is Sobha Singh Art gallery situated ?

1.  Mandi

2. Nurpur

3. Chamba

4. Andretta- ans

 Q10.  Who is remembered as a patron of the arts, and the Kangra paintings ?

1. Raja Goverdhan Chand

2. Raja Sansar Chand - ans

3. Pritam Chand

4. Puran Chand

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Types of Temple In Himachal Pradesh

Four Distinct Type of Temples in Himachal Pradesh based on their Roof Architecture

 Pent Roof temples and Veranda

• Chamba     Bharmar - Lakshna Devi Temple
• Chamba     Chatari -  Shakti Devi Temple
• Lahaul        Udaipur - Mrikula Devi Temple

 Pyramid Style Temples

• Kangra - Baijnath Temple
• Lahaul - Trilokinath Temple
• Chamba - Gauri Shankar, Lakshmi Naryan , Mani Mahesh, Hari raj
• Jubbal Valley - Mateshwari Devi, Shiva Temple, Decora Maheswer Temple

Pogoda Style Temples

• Mandi - Prashar Temple
• Sundernagar - Masheshwar Temple
• Shimla - Bhimakali Temple
• Manali - Hadimba Temple
• Kullu - Tripura Sundari Temple
• Kinnaur - Chogaan Temple

Sutlej Valley Style

• Kangra - Bahma Mahadev Temple
• Kullu - Dhaneshwari Devi Temple

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HPTET Important Question From Biology

HPTET Important Question From Biology

Q1. Bile is produced by the

1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Kidney

Q2. Which Antimalarial drug is extracted from the bark of cinchona tree ?

1. Quinone
2. Samoquin
3. Primaquin
4. Lomoprima

Q3. Lock Jaw is causesd by

1. Clostridium tetuni
2. Clostridium perfringes
3. Clostridium limosum
4. Clostridium letum

Q4. Which disease is known as Koch's Disease ?

1. Tetanus
2. Anthrax
3. Tuberculosis
4. Typhoid

Q5.Which part of sperm contains respiratory enzymes?

1. Head
2. Acrosome
3. Neek
4. Middle Piece

Q6. Which of the following has its own DNA ?

1. Peroxisomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Dictyosome
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Q7. Genetic Engineering is

1. Study of extra nuclear genes
2. Addition or removal of genes
3. Plastic surgery
4. Reconstruction Surgery

Q8. The first product of ancient biotechnology was

1. Alcohol
2. Lactic Acid
3. Insulin
4. Steroid

Q9. Spirulina is an

1. Edible fungus
2. Bio fertilizers
3. Single cell protein
4. Bio pesticide

Q10. Which is Correctly Matched?

1. Apiclture - Honey Bee
2. Pisculture - slik moth
3. Sericulture - fish
4. Aquaculture - mosquito

More Questions Coming Soon

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